Antimicrobial activity of Synthesized Zinc Oxide-Carbonized Moringa Oleifera Leaf Nano Composite

Osahon Kennedy Ogbeide; Lawrence Ojong Ndip; Oghenenyerhovwo Christabel Udezi; Gregory Esosa Onaiwu; Ikhazuagbe Hilary Ifijen

doi:10.71148/tjoc/v1i1.3

Authors

Osahon Kennedy Ogbeide Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria Author
Lawrence Ojong Ndip Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria Author
Oghenenyerhovwo Christabel Udezi Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria Author
Gregory Esosa Onaiwu Department of Physical Chemistry, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria Author
Ikhazuagbe Hilary Ifijen Department of Research Outreach, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71148/tjoc/v1i1.3

Keywords:

zinc oxide, antimicrobial activity, coprecipitation, moringa oleifera leaf, Nano composite

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are renowned for their biocompatibility and low toxicity, making them suitable for various biomedical applications. Moringa oleifera leaves, rich in minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals, also exhibit notable antimicrobial potential. In this study, a Zinc Oxide-Carbonized Moringa oleifera (ZnO-CMO) nanocomposite was synthesized using the co-precipitation method and characterized via X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM analysis revealed a porous, finger-like morphology with uniform ZnO dispersion in the carbonized Moringa oleifera matrix, confirming successful composite formation. XRD patterns indicated high crystallinity, with ZnO as the dominant phase and average particle dimensions of approximately 36 nm. Antibacterial activity was evaluated at 250 mg/mL, showing differential inhibition profiles against various microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus exhibited the highest susceptibility with a zone of inhibition (22.5 ± 1.0 mm), followed by Escherichia coli (14.5 ± 1.0 mm) and Streptococcus (12.0 ± 0.0 mm). In contrast, Pseudomonas displayed no measurable inhibition, likely due to resistance mechanisms like biofilm formation. Antifungal assays against Candida albicans and Aspergillus spp. showed no observable activity, suggesting limited efficacy against fungal pathogens. These results highlight the selective antibacterial potential of the ZnO-CMO nanocomposite, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. Further optimization is needed to enhance its antifungal properties and broaden its antimicrobial spectrum. This study underscores the ZnO-CMO nanocomposite as a promising candidate for antibacterial applications and provides a foundation for future investigations to improve its efficacy.

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