Polyurethane Foam: Production Processes and Advanced Material Characterization

Joshua Osaretin Onaifo; Godfrey Osatohamwan Otabor; Gregory Esosa Onaiwu; Philip idemudia Edogun; Ikhazuagbe Hilary Ifijen

doi:10.71148/tjoc/v1i1.5

Authors

Joshua Osaretin Onaifo Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria Author
Godfrey Osatohamwan Otabor Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State Author
Gregory Esosa Onaiwu Department of Physical Sciences (Chemistry Option), Faculty of Science, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City Author
Philip idemudia Edogun Department of Biological Sciences, Wellpring University, Benin City, Edo State, Author
Ikhazuagbe Hilary Ifijen Department of Research Outreach, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Iyanomo, P.M.B, 1049, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71148/tjoc/v1i1.5

Keywords:

Polyols, surfactants, foaming process, medium density foam, thermal insulation

Abstract

Polyurethane foam was synthesized using polyether polyol and water-based blowing agents, with the inclusion of a flame retardant and silicone surfactant to enhance its performance and durability. The foam's mechanical and thermal properties were systematically characterized, focusing on density, indentation force deflection (IFD), tensile strength, elongation at break, compression set, resilience, and fatigue resistance. Testing was conducted following ASTM standards to ensure reliability and comparability.

The foam exhibited a density of 71.40 ± 2.50 kg/m³, an IFD of 6.90 ± 1.25 N at 25% deflection, tensile strength of 0.22 ± 0.03 MPa, elongation at break of 69.00 ± 5.00%, compression set of 11.30 ± 1.50%, and resilience of 65.00 ± 5.50%. Dynamic and static fatigue tests confirmed minimal degradation under cyclic and sustained loading, demonstrating its robustness. While its tensile strength and elongation at break were slightly lower than standard polyurethane foams, its other properties, including thermal insulation and durability, aligned well with industry requirements.

This study highlights the foam's potential for applications in bedding, automotive, and insulation materials due to its balance of mechanical performance and long-term durability. Future research should optimise mechanical properties and explore sustainable formulation components to enhance its environmental profile while maintaining its commercial viability.

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